Important immunity mechanisms in early life
When a baby is born, its immune system has not yet fully matured. During the final stage of pregnancy and when breast feeding, the baby receives a certain amount of bioactive proteins (e.g. immunoglobulins) from the mother, which offers a great start when it comes to inhibiting pathogens [2].
However, those bioactive protein levels decrease within a few months following birth, and are absent entirely if breast feeding is not possible. In such cases, it’s all the more important that a new-born’s immune system develops quickly and grows strong to protect the infant when exposed to pathogens and other external threats. As 70% of the immune system is in the gut [3], gut health plays an important role in immunity. In other words: the inside matters, and the immune system needs to be built with the right support from within.
From a scientific standpoint, there are four key elements that help to build and strengthen the immune system, via different but interactive mechanisms: microbiota, gut barrier, anti-pathogenic effects and immune modulation [2,4]. Some specific nutrients in human milk support these 4 mechanisms, in one way or another [1]